Pool Players Glossary                                                Rod's Home                                   Edited: 03-19-13 15:21                       


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to that section of the glossary.  If a number or symbol, choose the '#' link


- A -

address


Approaching the cue ball with your cue stick.

 

airplane english


Jump shot or hop shot.  Down and through is legal; scooping is not.

angle


Direction of cue stick in shooting the shot relative to imaginary line from contact point of the cue ball through the object ball to the intended pocket. Infinite varying degrees contacting the rail with cue ball (kick) or object ball (bank).  For every incoming angle there is a  symmetric outgoing angle.  Exceptions:  shooting hard shortens the angle; shooting slow widens the angle; rain or humidity shortens the angle; high english goes long; draw english shortens up.

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- B -

backspin lag


"Slide" the cue ball such that it has low english most of the way to the object ball but just before contact, gravity kicks in, the low english energy is lost and then the cue ball rolls forward the rest of the way.  This is a good stroke to know when the table is not level.

 

ball & pocket


As in call shot, you only need to call the object ball and the pocket in which you intend to make the ball.

 

ball in hand


Usually occurs after a foul such that the opponent may position the cue ball anyplace on the pool table.

bank


Rebound of an object ball from a cushion.

 

bank shot


Shooting the cue ball into an object ball causing same to go to the cushion and then rebounding toward a pocket.

 

beat the rail


Hitting a ball to full (under-cut) and driving it into the rail.  When shooting slow or when rainy or humid weather, you must hit the object ball thinner to allow for the dreaded "skid."

bed


Flat surface of the table covered with cloth on which the balls are played.

 

billiard


To glance off one ball and pocketing another.  (carom, kiss, etc) See "carom."

break


Opening shot of the game.

break shot


After pocketing one ball, you control the cue ball such that you disturb or rearrange a cluster of balls to a more favorable position.

 

bridge


Positioning of one hand onto the bed of the table for stability and to guide the shaft of the cue stick.

bust


Slang for the break; another is on the "snap."

butt


Lower, bigger end of the cue stick; toward the end where the cue stick is gripped.

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- C -

call shot


Call the ball and the pocket.

 

carom


To glance off one ball and pocketing another.  (billiard, kiss, etc) See "billiard."

 

center-ball


No english; striking the cue ball in the center.

chalk


Substance used to maintain friction between the cue tip and the cue ball so that you don't miscue.

 

cheating the pocket


For position sake and control of the cue ball, you only use part of the pocket when pocketing the object ball.

 

climb the rail


Shooting into the rail at an angle of approximately 30 degrees, with high inside english with a medium stroke will cause the cue ball to hop over multiple balls and the side pocket before it comes back down to the bed to make a ball in the corner pocket.

 

clock method


Treat the cue ball like a clock when applying english. i.e., low right english would be 4 or 5 O'clock (most good pool players initially address the cue ball at low right. 90 percent of my strokes are from 4 to 8 O'clock.

 

cluster


Balls tied up and not in a very good position for pocketing.

 

combination shot


Causing two or more object balls to be contacted before pocketing.

 

contact point


Where you must strike the object ball in order to pocket same.

 

corner hooked


You are behind a corner of a pocket such that there is no clear path between the cue ball and the object ball.

 

cripple


An easy shot.

 

crutch


The mechanical bridge.

 

cue ball


The white ball controlled by the tip of the cue stick.

 

cue stick


Also known as a "pool cue" is the implement used in striking the cue ball.

 

cue tip


Leather on the small end of the cue stick to control the cue ball.

 

curve shot


With a firm stroke, imparting english by shooting down on one side of the cue ball causing it to curve around another ball to pocket the object ball.  Also known as "masse'" or "bend" the cue ball.

 

cushion


Rubber lining inside the rails for rebounding action with respect to position and bank shots; used synonymously with the "rail."

cut


Striking the object ball on one side or the other with the cue ball.  "Cut em thin to win."

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- D -

dead


Easy shot already lined to a pocket.

 

dead stroke


Shooting flawlessly; unbeatable; also known as "in dead punch," "in stroke," or "in the zone."

 

deflection


To veer or deviate from line of aim. For 100 years, cue makers have tried different designs to minimize deflection.  For me it's easy; just play with a bigger ball.  I only play with the original 2 3/8" bar table cue ball and thus, deflection is minimized.

 

diamonds


Inlays or dots on the rails used as reference in making bank shots, kick shots or playing position off the cushions.

dog


When you miss a shot due to pressure (choke).

 

double dribble


Imparting extreme top spin (hard level stroke at 12 O'clock) onto the cue ball such that after banking an object ball that is close to the rail, the cue ball goes through that object ball as full as possible yet avoid the double-kiss, thus banking the shot with the cue ball coming away from and re-striking the rail numerous times before pocketing another ball in the corner pocket.  The top spin does not allow the cue ball to come very far off the rail.  Also known as the "basketball" shot or "hugging the rail."

 

double-kiss


With minimum velocity and maximum side spin, you cause the cue ball to contact the same object ball twice (ball, rail, ball) before pocketing.  I taught this shot to Little David (the Lion Killer) Howard on a bar table when he was a kid and he in turned taught same to Mike Sigel, another great pool player.  I still challenge all comers on the double-kiss shot.  Set up the same, on a big table with the light cue ball, you can only move the object ball a few inches.  In a Las Vegas tournament, with a new cloth, I made two double-kiss shots over 3 feet (the entire width of the table from corner pocket to corner pocket with the object ball about 1-inch off the end rail; "nothing but net."  Of course you need the original big bar table cue ball.

 

draw shot


Low english (hard stroke through 6 O'clock) on the cue ball to cause it to back up (like a yo-yo) after contact with the object ball.  Willie Mosconi and most pool instructors say in order to draw the cue ball, strike the cue ball one cue tip below center.  I draw the cue ball by striking the cue ball 2 1/2 cue tips below center.  In high humidity, I either stay at home or fade a lot of miscues.

 

dump


Lose a game on purpose.

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- E -

english


Treating the cue ball like a clock, depending where you strike the cue ball determines the spin or english (high, low, right, left, and varying degrees in between).  Conversely, center ball results in no spin or no english.  90% of my shots are at 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 O'clock where 1/2 of my cue tip is on the number and the other half is in space.  i.e., 2 1/2 cue tips from the center of the cue ball

fan


To "fan" or "feather" is to thin-hit the object ball with outside spin on the cue ball with a hard stroke such that you actually allow for deflection by aiming to miss the whole ball but the cue ball veers to the inside to make proper contact.  "Hit em thin, you shoot again."

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- F -

ferrule


Approximately 1" piece of ivory, fiber or strong plastic surrounding the shaft at the tip to prevent the shaft from splitting when absorbing a hard hit. No capped ferrules; I prefer both the ferrule and the shaft wood to make contact with the tip and glued securely. I use a 13.5 mm tip with a pro tapered shaft.

 

fish


One who loses on purpose and does not play up to one's capability in hopes of luring an unsuspecting customer.

 

follow


To follow is to impart top spin by striking the cue ball near 12 O'clock with a level stroke

 

follow-through


Instead of striking at the cue ball, you stroke through the cue ball on the same plain.  All the other pool players I know shoot from a fulcrum point at the elbow with a follow-through of 10-15". I shoot from the shoulder and when I'm in stroke, I follow-through so much that my stroking right hand touches my bridge hand such that the Irish linen scrapes up the knuckle of my left thumb.  That's a follow-through of about 4 feet.

 

foot of the table


The end of the table on which you rack the balls.

 

force


With a hard stoke through the cue ball center causing the cue ball to thrust forward after making contact with an object ball without using top spin. Force = Mass x Acceleration.  The Laws of Physics teach us that the greater the mass, the greater the force.  Another time where the bigger cue ball proves superior in accomplishing this objective.  The big cue ball will always roll farther and spin longer than the little cue ball.

 

force-follow draw


Shooting down and through with a hard stroke forcing the cue ball through object ball) before the back spin takes and comes back.  This is accomplished best with the big cue ball.  With the little cue ball, it is more like a hop forward before the back spin takes.

 

foul


Infraction of the rules. Touching the cue ball at address is a foul.

 

foul stroke


Making contact with the cue ball more than once on the same stroke. Accelerating your speed of stroke after contacting the cue ball.

 

free-stroking


Playing under no pressure.

 

frozen


When a ball is touching another ball or when a ball is touching a cushion.  Note: a ball touching a cushion is not considered frozen unless declared beforehand by the referee or by the opponent.

 

fulcrum


Balance point of a cue stick; fixed point from which a pendulum swings (swinging motion of your stroking hand).

 

full ball


Causing the cue ball to contact the object ball straight-on. Cue ball superimposes and displaces the whole object ball.

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- G -

George


Slang for a favorable circumstance.

 

grip


Where you hold the cue stick with the stroking hand.

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- H -

hanger


An easy shot.

 

head of the table


End of the table having the manufacturer's name-plate and the end from which one breaks the balls to start the game.

 

head string


Imaginary line fixed across the width of the table at the 2nd diamonds from the head of the table. Most play the base of the cue ball within that imaginary line relative to the head of the table.

 

heart


A competitive attitude.

hit


Contact point. "Nice hit" implies, "good shot."

 

hold


Slowing down the speed of the cue ball by using extreme english (inside spin) after making object ball and contacting a rail.  Also known as "kill" english. I like to "kill" the path of the cue off two rails.

 

hop and draw


Also, "hop and follow' and "hop and stop."  Causing the cue ball to jump up and/or over an object ball before the respective spin takes for draw, follow or very little spin to bounce and stop the cue ball.

 

hop shot


Shooting down and through the cue ball with a hard stroke causing the cue ball to bounce over object ball/s in attempt of pocketing an unseeable object ball.

 

hug the rail


See "double-dribble" or "force follow."

 

hustler


A pool player who eagerly looks for competition. One who throws off until the stakes get bigger.

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- I -

imaginary line


Your mind's eye or an educated guess as to where to contact an object ball, or where to aim the cue ball.

inning


A turn at the table.

ivories


Slang for the pool balls. The balls use to be made of ivory. Ivory balls or ivory ferrules will not maintain original shape after being "pounded" over time on the pool table. i.e., ivory will not hold up under a powerful stroke.

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- J -

jawed the ball


Ball hit the inside edges of the cushion adjacent to the pocket but if stroked too hard or the perpendicularity angle of the edges can disallowed pocketing.  The pockets get even tighter under humid or rainy atmospheric conditions.

 

jelly roll


A favorable or lucky roll.

 

joint


The connector of the butt and the shaft on two-piece cues.

 

jump shot


See "hop shot."

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- K -

kick shot


Causing the cue ball to strike a cushion and then rebounding from that cushion to pocket an object ball.  Up to three rails are natural running english angles.  I like kicking with "kill" english and still challenge all comers 4 rails or more.  You must see my 6 and 7-rail kick-ins.

 

kill the ball


Extreme inside english on the cue ball to subdue its energy of velocity after contacting an object ball and a rail, respectively.  Also see "hold" english."

 

kiss shot


Same as for "billiard" or "carom."

 

knocker


A person who interferes with or breaks up another's game.

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- L -

lag


Trying to control your speed on the cue ball or the object ball. When lagging for the break, trying to make the cue ball come to rest as close as you can to the head rail after rebounding from the foot rail.

 

leave


Defense such that your opponent has a tough, or no shot. See "safety."

 

lemon


Not trying to play your best. Stalling.

 

lie


The position of the balls on the pool table.

 

linen


The wrap near the butt end of a two-piece cue stick.

 

lie of aim


An imaginary line extending from the shaft of the cue to the contact point of the object ball.

 

lock


A sure-win situation; one looking for a cinch game. Also known as a "locksmith."

 

long


The rebound angle from the cushion is increased. In this context, "long" and "wide" are synonymous.

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- M -

masse'


With a firm stroke, imparting english by shooting down on one side of the cue ball causing it to curve around another ball to pocket the object ball.  Same as "curve" or "bend" the cue ball.

masse'-draw


or masse'-follow; extremely hard stroke down and through the cue ball combining the curve shot and the respective spin shots.  I pulled a dandy masse'-draw to beat Ronnie Allen in Colorado Springs in the late 70s.  The path of the cue ball formed a circle.  Remind me to set it up for you.

 

mechanical bridge


An aid in reaching long shots. Also called a "rake" or "crutch."

miscue


When the cue tip slides off the cue ball and makes a funny sound due to decreased amount of friction or a faulty stroke.  I use more english than most pool players so I miscue a lot when it rains or under humid conditions.

miss


Failure to pocket a ball on a legal stroke.

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- N -

nip draw


Usually used when the cue ball is very close to the object ball so that you can draw the cue ball back and reduce chances of a foul.  Also known as "pinch draw."

 

no english


Level center-ball stroke.

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- O -

object ball


The ball contacted to be pocketed, to cause pocketing or from which to play a safety.

 

on


A shot already lined up toward a pocket. Also see "dead." He's "on" means he is "in stroke."

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- P -

pendulum


Path relative to a fixed (fulcrum) point (usually from the elbow joint). See "fulcrum."

 

piquet


Extreme masse', curve or U-turn with the cue ball. See "masse'-draw."

 

plane


Straight path of the cue stick going through the cue ball.

 

player


A competitive professional pool player.

 

pocketing


Causing a ball to fall into any of the 6 pockets.

 

pool


Pocket billiards having 6 pockets.

 

pool detective


One that is knowledgeable on who's who in the pool world.

 

position


Controlling the cue ball such that you never have a hard shot.

 

pump handle stroke


That's me! Shooting from the fulcrum point at the shoulder.

 

push shot


There are many misnomers regarding the push shot.  A push shot is legal if executed in one continuous stroke.  If the space between the cue ball and object ball increases after the stroke, it's a good shot.  If the cue ball stays the course with, or passes the object ball, it is a foul stroke.

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- Q -

(empty)

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- R -

rack


Triangle used to organize the balls before the start of the game.

 

rail


Used here synonymously with "cushion."

 

roll


Top spin. See "follow."

 

rotation


Shooting the lowest numbered balls first; i.e., 1-ball, 2-ball, ..., 15-ball. The game of "rotation" (also called "French" pool) is where after shooting the balls in chronological order, all balls pocketed count and you total up the numbered balls and must score greater than 60 to win the game.

run


Pocketing all of the balls during an inning at the table.

 

running english


Spin such that after contact with the cushion, the angle of the rebounding cue ball is increased and is said to go "long."

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- S -

safe/safety


Defensive strategy such that the opponent is left with a difficult shot.

 

scratch


Pocketing the cue ball; a no, no.

 

set-up


Having an easy shot or run. See "position" play."

 

shaft


The upper smaller portion of the cue stick guided by the bridge hand.

 

shape


Same as "position."

 

shark


An expert pool player.

 

sharking


An unethical move in attempts to distract the shooter's attention or break his/her concentration.

 

shooting the lights out


Playing extremely well; synonymous with "in dead stroke."

 

shooter


Person at the table. Also means a good player.

 

short


The rebounding angle from the cushion is less than the ingoing angle. Remember, low english and a hard stroke causes angle to decrease or shorten up; easy or high english causes the angle to go long (off the cushion).

 

skid


or "turn" is when shooting easy to cut a ball, the object ball has a tendency to go in the same direction as the cue ball before it cuts to the proper angle.  Humidity increases the susceptibility of this case. From a linear algebra perspective, the path of the cue ball is a vector with direction and magnitude.  The contact point through to the pocket is another vector with direction and magnitude.  When shooting slow, sometimes more noticeable than others, there exists a resulting vector that splits the difference between the other two, thus hitting the object ball too full.

 

slate


Bed of the pool table under the cloth.

 

slice


Same as a "thin" cut.

 

slide


See "backspin lag."

 

slip stroke


After the address, before the stroke, the stroking hand slips back toward the butt end a few inches on the final back stroke, then grips and moves the stick forward.  This technique allows for a bigger arc and greater acceleration.  As a professional, I used a big slip stroke.  To be proficient, you must play all the time.  Now, I only play when invited by friend a few hours per month or when a road player comes through.  I no longer use the slip stroke because I can't put in the time it takes to master same.

 

sluff


Not trying to play your best.  Not trying to win the game.

 

snookered


Behind a ball such that there is no clear path from the cue ball to the object ball.

 

spin


Same as "side english" (stroking through the cue ball at 3 or 9 O'clock.

 

split the pocket


or "split the wicket" means hitting the shot so pure (middle of the pocket) it touches nothing going in.

 

spot


Where you rack the balls at the beginning of each game.  To place the ball on the designated dot at the intersection of the middle diamonds relative to the bottom half of the pool table.  Reminds me of a spot shot where you pocket the object ball from the head string by shooting as easy as possible and the cue ball does not hit a rail nor scratches.  The line is 7 attempts.  Then shooting the same spot shot as hard as you can without the cue ball hitting a rail and without scratching and without hopping the table.  The line for the latter is 15. I'll give or take the line and cover all bets.

 

stalling


Not trying to play your best.

 

stance


Foot position and weight distribution of your body at the table.  My foot placement relative to the line of aim is approximately 45 degrees with flexed knees.

 

stop shot


With a medium level stroke, striking the cue ball in the middle (no english) causing the cue ball to be motionless after contact with a full object ball.

 

stroke


Execution of the cue stick going through the cue ball.

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- T -

thin


90 degree cut.

 

throw shot


When two object balls are less than 1/4" apart and almost lined up to a pocket, it is possible to alter their direction by shooting easy and hitting the opposite side of the ball you would hit to cut same in, thus "throwing" the ball into the pocket.  i.e., if the ball is lined up slightly to the left, hit the left side of the first object ball with slow speed, just hard enough to drive the combo ball to the pocket.  Speed control is important.  I can teach and you can learn geometry but you must "feel" the correct speed control.

 

tip


Leather on the small end of the cue stick that is contacted by the cue ball.  For every force there exists an opposite and equal force so I use hard Le Pro tips. I put on my own tips because machines and sanding against the grain will weaken the fiber and ruin the tip.  Down and around is the key when sanding a tip into shape.

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- U -

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- V -

veer


Used synonymously with "deflection."

 

vector


Direction, velocity and force with respect to the contact relationship between the cue ball and object ball.

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- W -

walk the ball


The extreme is to force the cue ball sideways for position when you have a straight-in shot.  By cheating the pocket and shooting very hard with a level stroke one cue tip to the left or right of center-ball, will cause actual deflection of the cue ball to the opposite side of the slight english, thus, accomplishing the desired position for the next ball.

 

whitey


Slang for the cue ball.

 

wing shots


Used in trick shot exhibitions where you shoot object balls in while they are moving.

 

wrap


Usually linen around the cue between the balance point and the butt end to offer a more secure gripping area.

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- X -

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- Y -

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- Z -

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- # -

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